Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator)

                                               Copyright © Bassel Abi-Jummaa

On 24 February 2026, in the late afternoon, an observer based in Qatar, Bassel Abi-Jummaa, set out to check the northern side of Ras Matbakh peninsula at Al Khor, directing his attention toward the eastern edge facing Umm Al Far Island. The island, well known as a seasonal breeding stronghold for Lesser Crested and Bridled Terns, often draws attention for its surrounding waters, which can hold a variety of interesting and sometimes unexpected species.

As he began scanning the area, two distant birds immediately stood out. Despite the range, their structure and posture appeared distinctive, prompting closer and more careful observation. The long, thin bills were clearly visible even from a distance, a key feature that quickly narrowed down the possibilities. As the views improved, the identification became increasingly clear and ultimately straightforward, both birds were Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator), a species not previously confirmed in Qatar.

This observation, made under typical coastal scanning conditions in a known productive area, represents the first confirmed record of Red-breasted Merganser in Qatar and marks an important addition to the country’s bird list.

A remarkable vagrant to the region

The Red-breasted Merganser is a winter visitor in parts of the Middle East, but it is rare and irregular. It has been recorded in nearby countries such as Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, making this record in Qatar both unexpected and important.

Identification and Field Characteristics

Birds of the Middle East (3rd ed.)

The Red-breasted Merganser is a medium-sized diving duck with clear features:
- A shaggy crest on the head
- A long, thin red bill with small serrations
- A long body shape in flight
- White patches on the wings

The male shows:
- Dark green-black head
- White neck collar
- Rusty-colored breast

Females and young birds are browner and simpler, with a slimmer bill and less contrast between head and body.

Behavior and Ecology

This species is a strong diver, feeding mainly on fish. It runs on the water to take off, then flies low and fast over the sea. Unlike the Common Merganser, it is more common in marine and coastal areas, such as bays and estuaries.

Global Distribution and Life History

The Red-breasted Merganser lives across the Northern Hemisphere, breeding in cold regions up to 75°N. It usually nests on the ground, often on islands.

Key points:
- Late breeder (young often fly in September)
- Females take care of the young
- Often forms groups of chicks (crèches)
- Well adapted to cold water

Many parts of its life, especially migration, are still not fully understood.

Significance of the Qatar Record

This record is an important milestone for Qatar. It shows that the country is an important place for rare and migrating birds.

This sighting:
- Adds a new species to Qatar list
- Shows the value of coastal habitats
- Highlights the need for continued bird monitoring

Even in a well-studied country like Qatar, new and exciting records are still possible.

References:

BirdLife International. (2025). Mergus serrator Species Factsheet.

Porter, R., Campbell, O., & Al-Sirhan, A. (2024). Birds of the Middle East (3rd ed.).